Corporate Finance for Grain Corp Limited - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theCorporate Finance for Grain Corp Limited. Answer: Miler and Modigliani has delineated into their examination that a firm should not declare the whole benefit as profit. Firms are required to hold all the benefits for additional venture. Data content theory portray that the organizations top level administration and governing body of the firm known different private information about the organization which are useful for the speculators and examiner to break down the economic situation of the company[1]. Data substance of profit is a broadly acknowledged hypothesis of profit. This hypothesis further portray that the data is secret and that is the reason it is better for the firm to declare more profit so financial specialists get pulled in towards the organization. This hypothesis powers over the superfluous hypothesis of profit. Further, free income theory of profit portray that the greater obligation level of an organization teaches the chiefs and the executives of the organization through pushing them to make some fixed installments of the obligation administration and by diminishing the degree of the income of the organization. This hypothesis powers over the insignificant hypothesis of profit. This hypothesis further delineate that the speculators investigate the whole income of the organization before putting into the company[2]. In conclusion, Clientele impact hypothesis of profit portray that the organizations stock cost consistently move and fluctuate as per the objectives and request of the expert and speculators in setting with the assessment, profit declaration and different changes into the approach. This impact expect that specific financial specialists are connected with a companys profit strategy and once it would be transformed they will switch. So the firm should roll out the improvements into its profit strategy accordingly[3]. Furthermore, firm should deliver the profit sum on ordinary premise to the financial specialist to cause them to inspire. For what reason should organization picked repurchase: Potential duty points of interest: On the off chance that an organization repurchase its stock than organization gets qualified for getting the expense bit of leeway and this is the main motivation because of which organizations like to repurchase their offers. Flagging: The repurchase of the offers give a sign in the market about the situation of the organization and because of which more speculators get pulled in towards the company[4]. Administrative adaptability: Administrative adaptability is the primary explanation because of which organization wants to repurchase the offer as the buyback oversees and make the administrative exercises of the organization increasingly alluring to oversee whole procedure of the organization. Increment monetary influence: In the event that an organization repurchase its stock than organization the money related influence position of the organization is upgraded by an extraordinary level and this is the main motivation because of which organizations want to repurchase their shares[5]. Counterbalance weakening: Repurchasing the portions of the organization counterbalance different issues and weakens of the organization and improves the situation of the organization and this is the main motivation because of which organizations want to repurchase their offers. Distinguish the profit change: Between time profit change: Between time profit change of the organization is 1.40056 as indicated by the Nov 29, 2016 and the Nov 27, 2015. Grain Corp restricted Changes Between time profit 0.05 0.0357 1.40056 Last profit change: Last profit change of the organization is 2.00013 as per the Jun 30, 2016 and the Jun 30, 2017. Grain Corp constrained Changes Last profit 0.2143 0.107143 2.00013 Day return: The Final profit revelation of the organization has been in Jun 30, 2016 and afterward Jun 30, 2017. Offer cost of the organization has been dissected from Jun 30, 2016 to Jun 30, 2017. The day return of the organization has been given in the reference section. The normal return of the organization is 0.000258464. Market return: The market profit of the market has been examined from Jun 30, 2016 to Jun 30, 2017. The day return of the market has been given in the informative supplement. The normal return of the market is 0.000128. Abundance: Through assessing the market return and day return of the organization, it has been discovered that the day return of the organization is more than the market return. The distinction between both the profits is of 0.0001307. Investigation of others result: The aftereffect of different understudies has additionally been dissected and it has been discovered that my companions result is practically like my outcome. The bit contrast in organization return has happened because of various organizations. The market return is same. Significant hypothesis: Capital market hypothesis has been assessed to investigate the above outcome. This hypothesis portrays that the financial specialist could investigate the market through dissecting the market return and the organization return of an organization. All speculators must be the adequate financial specialists and the acquires the sum for venture on the hazard free rate. This hypothesis additionally portray that there are no exchange cost and duty are applied over the speculation measure of an organization. No swelling rate are exist as indicated by the capital market hypothesis. References: Yippee Finance, Grain Corp restricted, Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GNC.AX/history?period1=1318012200period2=1507401000interval=1mofilter=historyfrequency=1mo , 2017. Denis, D.J. also, Osobov, I, Why do firms deliver profits? Global proof on the determinants of profit policy,Journal of Financial economics,89(1), pp,62-82, 2008. Nizar Al-Malkawi, H,A, Determinants of corporate profit strategy in Jordan: a use of the Tobit model,Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences,23(2), pp,44-70, 2007. Chung, D,Y,, Isakov, D, and Prignon, C, Repurchasing shares on a second exchanging line,Review of Finance,11(2), pp,253-285, 2007. Wiemer, J, and Diel, S, Strategies for share buybacks,Journal of Corporate Treasury Management,1(4), 2008. Al-Kuwari, D, Determinants of the Dividend Policy of Companies Listed on Emerging Stock Exchanges: The Case of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries, 2009.

Why Using College Essay Samples is Best

Why Using College Essay Samples is BestDo you need college Essay samples? Most people do. There are a lot of great reasons to get college Essay samples from a website that specializes in this service. If you're looking for a quick and easy way to write a college Essay, then you've come to the right place.College Essay samples come in all different formats. They can be filled out by yourself, filled out by an adviser, filled out by a professor or other professional, or any other format.One of the advantages of using a website with college Essay samples is that it's not hard to put together and submit. In addition, the research and writing materials you need to submit are already provided.You don't have to go through a large number of documents and you don't have to worry about trying to find the type of documents you need. You don't have to worry about adding and adjusting a word here and there. You also don't have to worry about finding the perfect format for your essay either.One of the best features of these websites is that they have a large number of essays that have been pre-written and they are ready to go. You can click through them to read the sample work, which is actually in another format but allows you to see the layout and style. There is a big variety of essays on these sites.The biggest advantage of using a website with essay samples is that it gives you the confidence you need to write your college essays. Once you know what to expect, you'll be able to write the essays and read the samples over again. That will give you much more confidence when it comes time to write your own college essays.Using essay samples is a great way to help you get into college. It gives you some good ideas on how to structure your essays, how to summarize your work, and how to improve your writing skills.College Essay samples will make your life a lot easier and will help you achieve your goals for your college career. Use a website with college essay samples to help you learn how to write your own college essay and you'll have the confidence you need to put your thoughts down on paper.

WordPress Print Button How to Add One and Be Printer-Friendly

Hoping to add a WordPress print catch to your site? In spite of the pattern towards making everything advanced, there are still a few people (and locales) that profit by the more physical medium that is ink and paper.In this post, youll get familiar with a portion of the reasons your site may profit by a print button. At that point, well take you through how to add a print catch to your site, just as certain tips for ensuring your WordPress site is really printer-accommodating. A guest needs to circulate the article to numerous individuals and ensure they all have a duplicate. This is regularly standard convention during conferences when an article is expectedâ to be perused and not just looked over as an email attachment.Someone is utilizing your post to give a discourse or while leading a meeting. During up close and personal associations, its far simpler to flip through pieces of paper than it is to trust that a URL stacks on your phone.Your peruser needs to plunk down and peruse from a bit of paper. Huge numbers of the aides you find online are very wordy. A few people think that its simpler on the eyes to have physical paper.Basically, on the off chance that you compose particularly extensive and point by point posts, compose directions for physical undertakings, or compose things for individuals who probably won't have an Internet association (like explorers), a WordPress print catch can come in handy.How to check if your site is printer-friendlyBefore making a special effort to include a WordPress print button, you should check if your WordPress topic is as of now printer-friendly.To do as such, right-click on the page youd like to print out.This uncovers the standard print module for your program, with a review of what the printed page is going to resemble. On the off chance that youre seeing the blog entry precisely as it shows up on the screen (for example with sidebars, route menu things, and header pictures), your site isnt printer-accommodating. H eres an example:If the print see for your site as of now looks incredible, you ought to think about whether you really need a WordPress print button. Most programs let guests print by right-clicking so if the printed form of your page as of now looks extraordinary, that may be sufficient for you.If not, the WordPress print button module that we use will ensure your substance is printer-accommodating. What's more, it will likewise include a catch that makes things progressively evident for your perusers, which is useful for certain sites.How to add a WordPress print catch to your websiteBefore going out and getting another module, I prescribe checking your dashboard to check whether you as of now have a social sharing module introduced. Some modules, similar to the Shareaholic Social Buttons, as of now give you a print button that you initiate directly close to your social sharing catches. Its not as unmistakably perceptible as a customary Print button, however it does the trick.If y our social sharing module doesnt have that capacity, its opportunity to locate a lightweight module for including a WordPress print button. The incredible thing about this procedure is it just takes a couple of moments to finish. From that point forward, youre opening up printing highlights for those individuals who need it.Step 1: Install the PDF Print by BestWebSoft pluginInstall and initiate the PDF Print by BestWebSoft module on your WordPress site. PDF Print by BestWebSoft Author(s): BestWebSoftCurrent Version: 2.2.0Last Updated: October 15, 2019pdf-print.2.2.0.zip 82%Ratings 337,126Downloads WP 4.0+Requires After that, youll discover a PDF Print tab in your dashboard. Snap on the Settings to design your print button.Step 2: Choose where to actuate your print buttonBy default, the Print and PDF catches are added to all pages. In any case, I would in all probability just remember them for my blog entries. You may be extraordinary, so go to the Settings and confirm which thin gs you need to show PDF and Print catches. You can likewise assign an area for the catches. For this model, I pick the top right.Step 3: Set your catch imagesIf you look down, youll see a Button Image feature. Pick the default pictures, or transfer your own. You can likewise indicate a catch title.Step 4: Consider some other discretionary settingsThats basically all you need to do here. In any case, you should have PDFs download for clients rather than open in a program tab.You can likewise change the PDF page size under the Output tab.Step 5: Test the WordPress print buttonOnce you spare your changes, go to the frontend of a blog entry to see your PDF and Print buttons.Give the print button a tick preferably, it ought to make a perfect, simple to-peruse rendition of your site:Does your website have a print button?If thus, bravo! Youve finished a straightforward assignment that might make a significant number of your guests lives simpler. If not, consider including that basic little catch when you have the opportunity. Its not basic. It won't represent the moment of truth your blog, yet there are a lot of circumstances where individuals should print out your articles.Have any inquiries concerning adding a print catch to your WordPress website? Tell us in the remarks! Figure out how to add a #WordPress print catch to your site utilizing a free module #tutorial

The Fatherhood Project - Free Essay Example

The Fatherhood Project is a program that strives to improve the overall well-being and health of children and their families by enabling fathers to become more active, knowledgeable, and emotionally involved with their children. I found this very interesting because I feel like there is not enough research done about father’s positions in families and their relationships with their children. I decided to look more into their program geared towards divorced fathers and how a fathers living situation and parenting style after the divorce affects the overall well-being of their child emotionally and behaviorally. For me, this is close to home because I myself come from a divorced family. I was interested to see what the research had found about the impact of a parent’s divorce and how it affects the child so I could compare it to my own experiences. Additionally, I was able to understand and apply what I have learned in class dealing with emotional development, parenting styles and attachment to the articles that I found and the correlation of the findings. As I said before, the Fatherhood Project is an abundance of different resources provided to fathers coming from all different backgrounds to help improve their lives and their family. It is a non-profit organization founded by John Badalament, in the Department of Psychiatry at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Through different programs fathers have the opportunities to learn more about dealing with children’s pediatrics, obstetrics, dads who are divorced, teen dads, or fathers who are in recovery. This program states that â€Å"A lack of involvement of fathers is associated with negative emotional, social, academic and behavioral outcomes for children.† (The Fatherhood Project, 2018) which leads to negative outcomes for not only the children, but also for society as it increases the rates of poverty, crime, substance abuse and marital issues. â€Å"The feeling of closeness to a father is critically linked to a child’s future success in school, employment, and relationships.† (The Fatherhood Project, 2018) which ultimately establishes the goal of this program. To help empower fathers to become more informed, engaged emotionally, and active within the family so that they can enhance the parent-child relationship and their children can grow up to become successful individuals. The Fatherhood Project has been able to do just that by partnering with researchers to design and create direct and appropriate programs that focus on skill-building and creating more meaningful connections within the family structure. Professionals that are trained in mental health, social services, education, and health care are able to provide the best services and support to these fathers. Within the Fatherhood Project, these fathers have access to different kinds of materials and resources such as educational videos, articles, books, news stories, and informational website links allowing them to have access to appropriate and trustworthy research. I found several articles that are able to establish the legitimacy of the program and its effectiveness through discussing the father-child relationship within the household and how it can impact a child behaviorally, emotionally, and the type of attachment style they form throughout the relationship. The first article was â€Å"Research from the Transition to the Fatherhood Project and Beyond†. This longitudinal study written by Nan Marie Astone and H. Elizabeth Peters discusses how the transition into this program may affect men. Up until the 1990’s most of the research on a families’ behavior strictly pertained to just the mother and her children, just recently is when we have seen communities strive to make the effort to increase their understanding and knowledge about the roles that fathers play in the families’ behaviors. Studies have found that parents who are not married at the time of the birth of their child, (including the people who are cohabitating) display an ample amount of instability within their relationship. â€Å"Only 36 % of men who were unmarried to their child’s mother at the time of the child’s birth are still living with their child 5 years later (McLanahan, 2011)† (Astone Peters, 2014). We can see that ev en though the fathers are still physically around, this does not always mean that there will be meaningful connections with that child. Although this is not always true, we can see that fathers who do not live in the same household as their child, also known as non-resident fathers, tend to have little to no contact with their child and are not too involved with their lives. For this reason, the attachment style between child and father can be anxious-ambivalent/resistant which by definition is â€Å"Feeling uncomfortable with closeness in relationships and desire to maintain emotional distance.† (SPSP, 2015). Having a negative attachment style to one of your caregivers can cause emotional behavioral problems and affect that parents type of parenting style. Each child has a script and an internal working model that helps them form symbolic representations of the type of attachment in relationships that they have experienced before and if a child is secluded to having an anxious-ambivalent/resistant relationship with their father, then that can take a toll on how they form relationships and emotional bonds with others. For as long as I can remember, it has been proven that mothers are the ones who typically spend more time with their child and the fathers just invest the money. I have even had my own personal experience with this. â€Å"Participants in responsible fatherhood programs report that the emphasis on the breadwinner role results in feeling that they are not entitled to spend time with their children if they cannot fulfill it. (Edin Nelson, 2013).† (Astone Peters, 2014). This is why programs like the Fatherhood Project are important, they help fathers realize that they do matter. That they are detrimental in their chil d’s overall success. Creating those important connections, building up positive relationships, and providing the appropriate parenting styles while engaging with your child is necessary to help create a lifelong impact for not only them, but the whole family. Furthermore, the second article that I discovered provides additional support as to why fathers who are more involved in their child’s life matter and how their parenting styles affect their relationships. â€Å"Do Divorced Fathers Matter? The Impact of Parenting Styles on Divorced Fathers on the Well-Being of the Child† is a research article written by Kim Bastaits, Koen Ponnet, and Dimitri Mortelmans. By their definition, â€Å"Parenting is defined as the provision of support and control. Support refers to the warmth, affection, and reinforcement that parents provide to their children. Control refers to the authority that parents exercise over their children and the extent to which they set limits on the behavior of their children.† (Bastaits, 2014). This refers to the types of parenting styles that I will be referring known as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and dismissive. The main purposes of this research article is to see how fathers who have different living arrangements affect the well-being of their child, to investigate the different types of parenting styles used by fathers who are divorced, and how that parenting style affects the parent-child relat ionship. When a couple gets a divorce, the three type of living arrangements that can occur which are co-parenting, residential, or non-residential. Each type of living arrangement can have an effect on the child and the family, so to see how the researchers conducted a study by selecting partners at random from the National Register. They had to meet certain criteria in order to be chosen which was that they had to have been married between 1971 and 2008, and that they have only been divorced once. The overall group sample came to be 8,506 partners, and out of those 6,004 participants of this sample were currently divorced. The researchers conducted face to face interviews with both the children and the parents from each of the families by using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Three hypothesis were established before conducting this research. The researchers were expecting to see that co-parenting fathers to be more un-involved and less likely to have an an authoritative parenting style, to discover if the parenting styles produced by fathers who are divorced will have different effects on the well-being of their child, and lastly they had the expectations that the parenting styles of fathers who had been divorced and spend ample amount of time with their children will be more important in that child self-esteem and satisfaction as compared to the parenting styles of other divorced fathers who tend to spend less amounts of time with their children. After extensive research the ir findings came to show that fathers who do not live with their child tend to have a less effective parenting style and that they tend to try to make up for this lack of interaction with their child by having a more permissive parenting style by not providing any control but do provide support. They also had found that there was no significant difference in fathers who are residential to those fathers who have a co-parenting arrangement. This proves that fathers who have daily interaction with their child and engage with them will lead to more positive outcomes such as better parenting styles, emotional development and, attachment styles. Overall The Fatherhood Program can prove its effectiveness by encouraging all types of fathers from all sorts of backgrounds to be more involved in the child’s life and they their role as a parent does matter. Times are changing and so is the role of parents in the household. Fathers are not just the â€Å"breadwinners’ of the families whose only job is to bring in the money. They need to provide that emotional support and positive parenting style to ensure that their children can grow up to be positive and meaningful members in the society. I was intrigued reading about these articles and how important it is for a father to be involved in a child’s life for them to become successful. I think that all parents, especially fathers, should take the time to look into The Fatherhood Project and its amazing programs and resources that they offer. ?

Abelisaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Abelisaurus (Greek for Abels lizard); pronounced AY-bell-ih-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of South America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (85-80 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and 2 tons Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large head with small teeth; openings in skull above jaws About Abelisaurus Abels lizard (so named because it was discovered by the Argentinian paleontologist Roberto Abel) is known by only a single skull. Although entire dinosaurs have been reconstructed from less, this lack of fossil evidence has forced paleontologists to hazard some guesses about this South American dinosaur. As befitting its theropod lineage, its believed that Abelisaurus resembled a scaled-down Tyrannosaurus Rex, with fairly short arms and a bipedal gait, and only weighing about two tons, max. The one odd feature of Abelisaurus (at least, the one that we know of for sure) is the assortment of large holes in its skull, called fenestrae, above the jaw. Its likely that these evolved to lighten the weight of this dinosaurs massive head, which otherwise might have unbalanced its entire body. By the way, Abelisaurus has lent its name to an entire family of theropod dinosaurs, the abelisaurs--which includes such notable meat-eaters as the stubby-armed Carnotaurus and Majungatholus. As far as we know, abelisaurs were restricted to the southern island continent of Gondwana during the Cretaceous period, which today corresponds to Africa, South America and Madagascar.

Education And Income Inequality New Evidence From Cross...

J.D Gregorio and J. Lee published â€Å"Education and Income Inequality: New Evidence from Cross-Country Data† in the early 2000s (Gregorio Lee, 2002). This paper looks at empirical evidence on how educational factors, like higher educational attainment and equal distribution of education, play a significant role in income distribution. The authors Gregorio and Lee state that many other literature pieces emphasize education as one of the major factors affecting the degree of income inequality (Gregorio Lee, 2002). Gregorio and Lee hypothesize that educational attainment level is important in making income distribution more equal (Gregorio and Lee, 2002). Similarly, the authors Jorn Rattsà ¸ and Hildegunn Stokke published â€Å"Regional Convergence of Income and Education: Investigation of Distribution Dynamics† (Rattsà ¸ Stokke, 2014). This study looks to challenge the suggested relationship between income inequality and education. This was done with data from Norw ay in comparison to recent United States studies. Education levels are equalised across the two counties used in the dataset. The authors Rattsà ¸ and Stokke hypothesize that there is a relationship between the convergence of income distribution and educational level of attainment (Rattsà ¸ Stokke, 2012). In 1989 Jandhyala Tilak hypothesized that education may raise the overall level of income and that it may change the dispersion of income among groups of people in the journal titled â€Å"Rates of Return to Education andShow MoreRelatedSocial Class As A Way That Constrains Someone s Life Chances And Opportunities For Social Mobility1395 Words   |  6 Pages America is a country that has been founded on the myth of equality and opportunity. The â€Å"Horatio Alger† myth, which states that people who work hard will survive and thrive in America, has passed away to the notion of generational privilege (Alger, 1910). 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Causes and Effects of the Global Financial Crisis

Question: Describe about the Causes and Effects of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-09, With Special Reference to the Impacts on Financial Markets, Institutions and Instruments. Answer: Introduction The financial crisis depicts a situation in which the financial markets all over the world face a rapid downturn or devaluation in the assets. The impact of the financial crisis is considered so severe that it affects the economies all the around the world. The global financial crisis of 2007-09 affected the worlds strongest and stable economies such as the United States and Australia (Cihak, 2009). The financial crisis triggers as a result of several events happened in sequence and the same was the reason for the financial crisis 2007-09. The financial crisis is not good for anyone as it affects the entire economy adversely and misbalances it. Therefore, it is essential to conduct an enquiry into the causes and effects of the finical crisis of 2007-09 so that its recurrence could be stopped (Cihak, 2009). In the context developed above, this essay has been presented addressing the causes and effects of the financial crisis 2007-09. In this essay, the focus is on the Australian and the United State economies and thus, the analysis of the causes and effects has been conducted from the Australia and the US economies view point. Further, the essay also explores the impact of the financial crisis on the financial markets in Australia and the United States. Brief Overview of the Financial Crisis 2007-09 The events started building since the year 2007 when the banks and the financial institutions in the United States started experiencing reduction in the investors interest. The banks and financial institutions of the US were found to be overburdened with the debt and the value of the mortgage loan assets were observed to be reduced significantly. The bubble in the financial market in the United States not only destroyed the US economy, but it spread all across the globe including the sound and stable economies like Australia (Claessens et al., 2014). Since, the financial system of the United States was the main culprit of this global crisis, therefore, the US economy hampered more badly than the other economies. The impact of the global financial crisis on the Australian economy was observed to be lower than the other countries. The economies like US and UK got hit by recession on revelation of the financial crisis, but Australian economy was strong enough to fight with the recession (Australian Government, 2011). Causes of the Financial Crisis 2007-09 Reasons for the financial crisis 2007-09 were many, but the most crucial one is identified as the weak financial policies of the United States and the UK. The fiscal and monetary financial policies of the United States and the UK were observed to be very weak. An example of the weak monetary policies of the United States could be the reduction in the federal fund rates by a big margin. In order to control the recession, the US government reduced the federal fund rates from 6.5% to 1.75% in the year 2001 (Frbsf.org, 2002). Further, the monetary policies of the US also eased up the regulations with respect to the mortgage loans. Consequently, the banks and financial institutions in the US sold out huge amount of mortgage loans without ensuring adequate security for payback (Verick and Islam, 2010). Further, a detailed study into the causes of the financial crisis 2007-09 has been conducted as below: Low Interest Rates In order to maintain a proper balance in the inflation rates, it is becomes necessary for the government to adjust the interest rates. However, the adjustments in the interest rates should be made very cautiously and as per the needs, otherwise, the impact could be opposite of what was expected. The US government cut the interest rates by a big margin, which made the borrowings cheaper and the flow of money in the market got increased (Norgren, 2010). The reduction in the interest rates is shown in the figure given below: Figure 1: Interest Rate Cut by US The impact of low interest rates was seen more on the housing loans in the United States. Due to cheaper interest rates, the demand of the housing loans increased sharply and banks also lent money as much as they could. However, on revelations of the financial crisis, it came out that the banks allowed housing mortgage debt way more than the value of securities. Since, the value of securities was far lower than the loans given by the bank, the assets of the banks were declared undervalued (Norgren, 2010). Innovations in the Financial Market The innovation in the financial market has laid integration of the financial markets not only at the domestic level but at the global level. In the present era of globalisation, the banks and the financial institutions of all the countries are interrelated with each other in such a way that the impact of problems faced by one can be perceived on the others (Norgren, 2010). Further, many innovated financial instruments also came out in the market such as debt securitisation securities and over the counter derivative securities. Although, these innovations were made to diversify the risk of debt lenders, but the market could not succeed in that due to downfall in the investors confidence (Thakor and Simon, 2012). Thus, the innovated financial products and the new regulations also contributed in the collapse of the financial markets in the US. Inadequacies in the Risk Management Immediately before the financial crisis, the financial market in the United States and the UK were observed to be booming. The banks and the financial institutions relied too much on the past performance without paying required attention to the future outlook. The non consideration of the future outlook while formulating the risk management policies shows inadequacies in the risk management (Norgren, 2010). Further, the stress testing applied by the banks and the financial institutions in evaluating the risk also was claimed to be erroneous. The stress testing failed in taking into account the liquidity in measuring the risk, which was the measure inadequacy found in the system of risk management adopted by the banks in US and UK. Apart from that the credit rating agencies also could not measure the risk adequately in assigning the credits to the debt issuers (Claessens et al., 2012). Weaknesses in the Regulatory Regime The weakness in the regulatory regime in the banking and financial industry of the United States and the UK were among the measure causes for the financial crisis 2007-09. The governments and the central banks of the United States and the United Kingdom were found to be the worst in regard to policy framing (Norgren, 2010). The government policies in the US lowered the credit controls and allowed the banks and the financial institutions to lend freely, which resulted into substantial increase in the household debt of the US. Further, the lapses in the supervisory framework of the US and the UK also contributed to the financial crisis. The weaknesses in the regulatory regime also dampen the harmony and coordination among the financial markets at the international level (Spangler, 2012). Effects of the Financial Crisis 2007-09 The financial crisis of 2007-09 was considered to be the worst ever as claimed by the economists from all around the world. The strongest economies of the world such as the United States and UK got affected severely and the stable economies like Australia also got hit. However, the impact of financial crisis on Australian economy was not that deep as it was on the US and the UK economies. Further discussion in this regard has been carried out in the following paragraphs: On the Overall Economies of Australia and the US The gross domestic product is considered to be the representative of the economic growth of a country. Therefore, in order to analyse the impact of the global financial crisis on the economies of Australia and the US, the trend in gross domestic products have been measured during the years of crisis and after the crisis. The trend in gross domestic product has been depicted in the graph shown below: Figure 2: GDP trend in Australia and US From the graph shown above, it can be observed that the growth rate in the gross domestic product of Australia dipped down heavily in the year 2009, when the global financial crisis was revealed. However, in the same year US economy was observed to be relatively stable as the decline in the gross domestic product was only 2% (World Bank, 2016). Immediately, on revelation of the global financial crisis, the Australian economy got hampered, but recovery after the crisis was phenomenal. As could be observed from the trend line shown in the graph, the gross domestic product of Australia has been increasing more rapidly than that of the US. Further, it has been observed that though the gross domestic product of Australia was down in the year 2009 severely, but the recession was far still away. The Unemployment rate in Australia was observed to be way lower than that was prevailing in the US. The trend in the unemployment rate could be observed from the graph shown below: Figure 3: Trend in Unemployment Rate From the graph, it could be observed that the unemployment rate in Australia increased a bit after the revelations of the global financial crisis. However, in the United States, the recession creeped in the economy and the unemployment rate increased significantly from 5% in the year 2008 to 10% in the year 2011 (World Bank, 2016). The rise in the unemployment rate at a rapid pace shows the severity of the impact of the financial crisis on the US economy. There are three big reasons that Australia survived from the financial crisis such as demand from china for the Australian goods and services, strict regulatory environment, and stable financial institutions (Hiller, 2010). The demand from china continuously gave a push to the exports of Australia, which helped the Australian economy to maintain a proper trade balance. Further, the regulatory environment in Australia has always been so stringent that the banking and financial sector is rarely left free to do things at their will. As discussed in the sections given above, the loopholes in the banking and finance regulations had been the main culprit of the financial crisis, thus, maintaining a stringent legal and regulatory environment is really important for a stable economy. On the Financial Markets, Institutions Instruments of Australia The impact of the financial crisis 2007-09 was perceived to be drastic on the financial market of the United States. A figure, depicting the performance of Nasdaq from the year 2007 to 2016, has been presented below: Figure 4: Nasdaq Yearly performance From the graph presented above, it can be observed that Nasdaq was performing extremely well before the declaration of the financial crisis in the year 2008-09. At the end of 2007, the Nasdaq was observed to be ruling at the levels of 3500 index points. Suddenly, in the year 2008, the market started getting down and then it collapsed completely in the year 2009. From the chart, it can be observed that Nasdaq fell from 3500 in the year 2007 to 1500 in the year 2009, which shows a drastic collapse (Macrotrends, 2016). Due to the collapse of the US capital market, the market indices of other countries all over the world got affected adversely. The Australian capital was also the one that experienced decline on revelations of the financial crisis. The Australian stock market index, SP/ASX200 was observed to be falling from 6700 in the year 2007-08 to 3400 in the year 2008-09 (Thangaraj and Chan, 2012). It was the impact of instant change in the market sentiments that the Australian market declined so rapidly. However, later on, it was understood that the impact of the financial crisis on the Australian economy will be lower due to much better position of the banks and the financial institutions in regard to collateralized debt obligations. Thus, it was considered that the recovery of the Australian capital market would be immediate and faster than US and UK. Further, the housing industry of Australia was also observed to be much controlled and in a better position as compared to the United States. As expected, the ASX200 came back recovering from the shock of the financial crisis in the late 2009, when the index went up to 4870.60 levels in the month of December 2009 (ASX200, 2016). However, in the year 2010, the market again showed a glimpse of downfall at the start of the year, but the situation was under control by the end of the year. The fear in the investors of rise in the debt created negative market sentiments in the start of the year 2010 or at the end of the year 2009. Conclusion The discussion carried out in this essay revolves around the causes of the global financial crisis 2007-09 and the impact of it on the Australian and US economy. From the discussion carried out here, it could be analysed that the three broad factors should always be balanced to avoid the crisis situations. Those three factors are the fiscal policies, monetary policies, and the regulatory regime of the financial market. The main causes of the global financial crisis 2007-09 were the lapses in the fiscal and monetary policies of the US government. Further, the weak regulatory environment around the banks and financial markets also contributed to the big mess. 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